Novel hole-pillar spacer design for improved hydrodynamics and biofouling mitigation in membrane filtration

Membranes, Free Full-Text

CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model setting.

Membranes, Free Full-Text

PDF] Impact of Modified Spacer on Flow Pattern in Narrow Spacer-Filled Channels for Spiral-Wound Membrane Modules

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The potentials of 3D-printed feed spacers in reducing the environmental footprint of membrane separation processes - ScienceDirect

PDF] Impact of Modified Spacer on Flow Pattern in Narrow Spacer-Filled Channels for Spiral-Wound Membrane Modules

The evolution of feed spacer role in membrane applications for desalination and water treatment: A critical review and future perspective - ScienceDirect

PDF] Spacer geometry and particle deposition in spiral wound membrane feed channels.